There are several similarities between Ayurveda and Chinese medicine, suggesting a possible exchange of knowledge between China and India in the field of medicine. Techniques like pulse diagnosis, acupuncture, and marm points seem to reflect this exchange. Ayurvedic texts also mention the dietary habits of Chinese people. Records show that Chinese scholars, such as Fa Hien in the 4th century and Xuanzang in the 7th century, visited India in search of knowledge.
GREECE
Scholars have observed several similarities between Greek medicine and Ayurveda, indicating a historical exchange of knowledge between these traditions. When Alexander invaded India in the 4th century, he was impressed by the prowess of local physicians, especially those skilled in treating snake venom. It is said that he took Ayurvedic practitioners back to Greece. Concepts such as the four bodily humors—black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood—descriptions of epidemics, and the Hippocratic Oath show similarities. Ayurvedic texts also mention Greece and its way of life.
4th century
13th century
ARAB
Ayurvedic texts were translated into Arabic, bringing Ayurveda into contact with Unani medicine. When the Mughals invaded India, Unani medicine—a derivative of Greek medicine—established itself in India, facilitating mutual knowledge exchange with Ayurveda. However, the Mughal invaders also destroyed institutions like universities, causing significant damage to Ayurvedic culture.
EUROPE
European colonizers were astonished when they first encountered Ayurveda. European scholars returned with detailed accounts of India's advanced medical knowledge. For instance, in 1767, the Royal College of Physicians in London received an article on the Ayurvedic method of vaccination against smallpox. This was titled 'Description of the Method of Inoculating for Smallpox in the East Indies' and was based on observations in Bengal. The London Gazette also described nasal surgeries performed by the potter community in Pune, complete with an illustration of a reconstructed nose. This inspired the development of plastic surgery in modern medicine. However, in later stages, European colonizers deliberately discredited Ayurvedic practices and withdrew state support and legal recognition for its practice.
18th century
4th century
INDIA
Ayurveda flourished throughout ancient and medieval India, particularly during the Gupta period (4th–6th centuries CE) and the Mughal era, despite challenges like invasions. Its practices continued to evolve and adapt, maintaining a central role in Indian health and culture. Today, Ayurveda is recognized as an official medical system in India and is practiced widely both traditionally and in modern integrative medicine setups.
